Gender Differences in Disability-Free Life Expectancy for Selected Risk Factors and Chronic Conditions in Canada

Alain P. Belanger, Statistics Canada
Laurent Martel, Statistics Canada
Jean-Marie Berthelot, Statistics Canada
Russell Wilkins, Statistics Canada

This article shows how mortality and morbidity patterns differ for women and men 45 years of age and older. The impact on disability-free life expectancy was calculated for selected risk factors and chronic conditions: low income, low education, abnormal body mass index, lack of physical activity, smoking, cancer, diabetes and arthritis. For each factor, the expected number of years free of disability was calculated for men and women using multi-state life tables. In terms of disability-free life expectancy, the greatest impacts on affected women were for diabetes (14.9 years), arthritis (8.7 years), low income (7.9 years), and physical inactivity (6.8 years), while for affected men, the greatest impacts were for diabetes (11.5 years), smoking (7.0 years), cancer (6.6 years) and arthritis (6.4 years). The implications of these results are discussed from the perspective of developing programs designed to improve population health status.